Mind Wide Open 心思大開：我在腦中顯影

(九) 前言評析之八

【譯文】P.24
過去一百年心理學的發展就是從內省自己心智的歷程，到外顯生理的表徵，可以說是從伊底帕斯 (Oedipus) 到神經元。

【原文】P.5
The general movement of popular psychology over the past century has been one from deeply figurative descriptions of mental traits toward greater physiological specificity: the movement, in a sense, from Oedipus to the neuron.

【資料補充】
名詞說明：Oedipus
戀母情結--Oedipus Comples--伊底帕斯
資料來源：http://163.30.0.78/arxigk/medicalname.htm
(原來西方醫學史受希臘的影響非常大，很多解剖學和疾病的名詞，尤其是精神醫學名詞，都源於希臘的神話。透過神話，可學習專業醫學名詞，非常有趣，且印象深刻。)

OEDIPUS是希臘神話裡的悲劇人物。伊底帕斯是底比斯王THEBES的兒子，因為神諭預測這孩子將要弒父娶母，所以出世後就被父親丟棄，但被人把他送給鄰國科林斯王收養，長大之後，他為了逃避可怕的命運，離開了他的養父母，結果竟在路上殺死了他所不認識的親生父親，又因除妖有功，被推為底比斯王，娶了他所不認識的親生母親，並生下兩男兩女。後來，底比斯發生瘟疫，他求神問卜，終於真相大白，他的母親也是他的太太自殺了，伊底帕斯在悔恨之餘，刺瞎了自已的眼睛，棄國而去自我放逐。精神醫學家佛洛伊德FREUD把男孩在心理發展上的戀母情結，就叫做伊底帕斯情結。


(十) 前言評析之九

【譯文】P.26
腦科學讓我們能夠比較正確的瞭解人格的這兩面，找到它們在大腦的特定位置，今天，我們不再說「理智」和「感情」，取而代之的，我們說「新皮質」(Neocortical)的你和「邊緣系統」(Limbic) 的你。

【原文】P.6
Brain science has now given us more accurate descriptions of these two sides of a personality, mapped onto specific regions of the brain. Instead of “rational” and “emotional”, today we have the “neocortical” you and the “limbic” you.

【資料補充】
名詞說明：「新皮質」(Neocortical) 和「邊緣系統」(Limbic)
資料來源: http://spinwarp.ucsd.edu/NeuroWeb/Text/br-800epi.htm

Neocortex
(n) ne·o·cor·tex (pl) ne·o·cor·ti·ces 或 ne·o·cor·tex·es
The dorsal region of the cerebral cortex, especially large in higher mammals and the most recently evolved part of the brain. Also called neopallium

Limbic
THE TEMPORAL LOBE & LIMBIC SYSTEM
By John R. Hesselink, MD, FACR

The limbic lobe is a complex set of three C-shaped structures containing both gray and white matter. It lies deep within the brain and includes portions of all the lobes of the cerebral hemispheres. A myriad of fiber tracts connect the limbic lobe with numerous deep nuclei and the olfactory apparatus to form the limbic system. Phylogenetically, the limbic system is one of the more primitive parts of the brain. It has a central role in memory, learning, emotion, neuroendocrine function, and autonomic activities. Clinical conditions involving the limbic system include epilepsy, congenital syndromes, dementias, and various psychiatric disorders.





(十一) 前言評析之十

【譯文】P.27
因為處理你的談話是在大腦的一處，而評估你的情緒則是在另一處。大部分是在新皮質前額葉 (Prefrontal Lobe) 的地方進行，這裡也是最後演化出來的大腦部位 (有兩個地方特別重要，一是布羅卡Broca區，另一個是威尼奇Wernicke區，前者的功能在語言的製作，後者則是語言的理解)，但是情緒大部分是在皮質下方一個稱作邊緣系統的地方，有一些身體的反應是在邊緣系統的再下面一層--腦幹的地方。

【原文】P.7
…because your conscious, second-by-second processing of a verbal conversation happens in one part of your brain, while your emotional evaluations happen somewhere else. Most of your immediate focus on generating and comprehending spoken words takes place, broadly speaking, in the prefrontal lobes of the neocortex, the most evolutionarily modern part of the brain. (Two small regions are particularly crucial: Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas, the former largely focused on creating speech, latter on processing incoming words.) But the emotions largely issue forth from areas located below the cortex, the region often called the “limbic system”, while some of their bodily effects are triggered one layer below the limbic system, in the brain stem…

【資料補充】
名詞說明：「新皮質前額葉」(prefrontal lobes) 和「布羅卡Broca區，威尼奇Wernicke區」(Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas)
資料來源: http://spinwarp.ucsd.edu/NeuroWeb/Text/br-800epi.htm

This area of the brain is thought to be involved in planning complex cognitive behaviors and in the expression of personality and appropriate social behaviour. The prefrontal cortex is found in the cortical regions of the frontal lobe which are anterior to the primary and association motor cortices. It is divided into the dorsolateral, orbitofrontal (also called the limbic frontal lobe) and mesial prefrontal areas.

Prefrontal Cortex
此圖出處的原始網頁： www.wiredtowinthemovie.com/mindtrip_xml.html

此圖出處的原始網頁：

www.brainexplorer.org/glossary/prefrontal_cor...

此圖出處的原始網頁：

www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/7146.html

Your brain has three main components - the cerebrum (which consists of the left and right cerebral hemispheres), the cerebellum, and the brain stem. The cerebral hemispheres of the brain make up the largest part of your brain. The cerebellum is the structure located behind the brain stem, and the brain stem is the lowest section of the brain and is connected to the spinal cord.